What is Classification and how does it work?

All things on our planet have a name. This name identifies each thing from another, may it be Object, Animal, or Plant. Things are sorted together according to their similarities, forming groups. Groups that have close resemblance are then collectively known as Class.

Sharks belong to the class of boneless fish known as Chondrichthyes. The Chondrichthyes class is divided in two sub-classes Holocephali (Chimeras) and Elasmobranchii (Sharks and Rays).

Similar species of sharks are put into Families, and families with similar characteristics are placed in larger groups called Orders. At present we know about 556 different types of sharks and these are grouped in around 34 families under 8 Orders.

Because some sharks are known with different names in different parts of the world, scientists give each Species a Scientific name. A clear example of this is the Sandtiger. This shark is known also as Ragged Tooth (South Africa) and Grey Nurse (Australia). So these 3 different names refer to the Sandtiger Carcharias taurus. and to follow the line down for the  Sandtiger as classified in the Animal kingdom, It would read like this:

Kingdom:  Animalia    Phylum: Chordata  Subphylum: Vetrebrata Class: Chondrichthyes  Subclass: Elasmobranchii Order: Lamniformes  Family: Carchariidae Genus: Carcharias  Species: Taurus Scientific Name: Carcharias taurus Common Name: Sandtiger Shark

It is for this reason that whenever we refer to a specific shark, we write down both common and scientific name. i.e. Sandtiger (Carcharias taurus)